Ph.D., Business Administration, 1985, University of Wales, Institute of Science and Technology (UWIST), UK.
Ph.D., University of Strathclyde, U.K, 1998.
Ph.D., University of Khartoum – Sudan
Ph.D., Glasgow Caledonian University, UK & Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt (Channel Supervision). 2009.
Ph.D, International Marketing, Malaysian University of Science 2010
DBA, Business Administration, Universiti Sains Malaysia, April 2015
Ph.D, University of Economic Sciences and Management of Sfax 2015
Ph.D, in logistic, operations, technology management Universiti Utara Malaysia UUM, 2018
